Kidney Function

Abstract  Diabetes, a cardinal cause of chronic kidney disease, is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. In the Medicare
program, non-dialysis-requiring chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and congestive heart failure account for close to two thirds
of all costs, and 4.2% of individuals with diabetes and chronic kidney disease account for 13.4% of expenditures. Diabetes
is present in approximately 60% of new dialysis patients in the United States, and although the prevalence of renal replacement
therapy remains comparatively low, rising prevalence rates may have substantial economic implications, especially when one
considers that renal replacement therapy accounts for about 6% of current Medicare expenditures. Among dialysis patients,
the presence of diabetes is …